The 'friendly' Americans just announced that they are creating a First Fleet to patrol and control the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. If you are thinking that they are aggressive and expansionist, you are wrong. The Asean states or American cronies would also say you are wrong. The Americans are here to protect them.
It is the Chinese that are aggressive and expansionist to claim the islands in the South China Sea. What about the Americans and Canadians claiming the continent of North America. the white Australians claiming the continent of Australia, the white New Zealanders claiming the two islands of New Zealand? Not expansionists, they have the rights to claim these continents and big islands, because the white Gods said so. That is white men's law, supernatural law, cannot be questioned. Is that what you are thinking?
What about the Asean states claiming the South China Sea islands, are they also aggressive and expansionists?
Let's take a historical perspective of the claims of the South China Sea islands, who claimed first and who has more rights to these islands. For ease of understanding, let's divide the time frame into 4 periods, firstly before Colonialism, Colonialism, post Colonialism and post 1982, UNCLOS, United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.
Pre Colonialism
Before the European colonialists invaded and colonised South East Asia, China was already an established state, an Empire ruled by various dynasties. Ownership of land, islands during this era were usually decided by conquest and occupation. What was the status of the land in the SE Asia region? Were they owned by nation states or kingdoms? Nation states they were not, a few kingdoms existed and many were undefined islands populated by tribes. There was no Indonesia as a country, or the Philippines or Malaysia or Malaya to talk about.
The islands in the South China Sea, including those in the East China Sea like the Ryukyu chains and Diaoyu Islands were visited and discovered by the Chinese dynasties and marked as part of the Chinese empires. All the islands were clearly marked and recorded especially during the Ming Dynasty in the 16th/17 Centuries. There cannot be any dispute and the non countries of SE Asia were in no position to claim these islands as theirs, and in most cases they did not even know that these islands existed.
Colonialism in SE Asia
Then came Colonialism when the European powers invaded and seized the land and islands in SE Asia as their colonies. They regarded the natives as sub humans, no right to their land. Practically all the present nation states of SE Asia were seized by the European empires. So the natives could not be making claims on South China Sea islands and ownership of these islands. In reality, these islands still belonged to the Chinese Empire, the Qing Dynasty, as the European powers did not claim them.
In 1929, China drew up the map to include the islands in the South China Sea defined by the 9 dash lines. There was the claim of ownership on the principle of nullus soli, no man's land. This is different from the colonialists that came and claimed lands and islands even if they were occupied, like the British claiming to have found Singapore, Penang, Malaya etc etc disregarding the presence of natives. So too were Columbus claiming America ignoring the ownership by native Americans.
Post WW2
During the wars, in 1895, Japanese seized the Ryukyu Island chain and Diaoyu Islands and Taiwan as war booty from China. Japan also occupied many of the islands in the South China Sea during their invasion of Asia and SE Asia. After WW2, then Japan was to return all the islands seized from China, islands in the East China Sea and South China Sea. For political reasons and administrative convenience, the Americans retained administrative control of the Ryukyu Islands and Diaoyu Islands. The rest, including Taiwan and South China Sea Island were returned to China.
The nation states of SE Asia came into existence when given independence from the colonial powers. But the islands in the South China Sea were not an issue, and they did not claim them as theirs. they had too big a plate to handle and were busily setting up their own govts.
1982 UNCLOS
The claims of Asean states on the South China Sea islands were mainly based on the provisions of UNCLOS. But when China signed the agreement, there was an exclusion clause that excluded claims on territorial rights and integrity, ie, no change in ownership of islands.
So, how much weight is there for Asean states to claim islands that were long claimed by China? Even in 1929 when the 9 dash lines were drawn, the Asean states did not exist, they were colonies of European Empires. China had claimed these islands many centuries back. Is China the aggressive and expansionist country that is claiming islands belonging to Asean states, or Asean states are the aggressive and expansionist states claiming Chinese islands as theirs under a new UNCLOS law?
The evil and treacherous Americans and western countries kept mum about the return of these islands to China in the post war agreement in Potsdam in 1945 and Paris Agreement in 1948, and encouraging the Asean states to make claims against Chinese islands and accusing China of being aggressive, expansionist and bullying Asean states when it is the Asean states that are trying to bully China in their spurious claims based on a new law that exclude claims on territorial rights.
Who is the devil, who is aggressive and expansionist? Who is or are the bully/bullies?
Modern aggression
In the colonial days, it was the strong that bullied and took the land from the weak. It was natural for the strong to be aggressive. Today it is the reverse. The weak bullying the strong and seizing land from the strong. China only started to reclaim the islands in the South China Sea in 1988. In the 1970s, Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia have already started to claim the South China Sea islands and reclaiming and filling up the islands. These weaker states have no regards to the bigger country China, and claimed Chinese islands as theirs, with UNCLOS and the Americans egging them on.
Many Chinese fishing vessels were arrested especially by the Philippines and demanded ransoms for the release of fishermen and their boats. They even attacked Chinese fishing boats, sank them to the bottom of the sea. Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines even wanted to attack Chinese Coast Guards and Chinese Navy ships.
China had to be very patient with these very aggressive small states challenging her rights and seizing her fishing boats and islands. This kind of madness has to be stopped and finally China lost her patience and put the little aggressive states in their proper place, or face being spanked. Some order has returned to the South China Sea, with the proper pecking order now in place, except for the trouble making Americans. Australia is now feeling the pain in the ass, grimacing but pretending it doesn't hurt.
Still China is smeared by the West as the aggressor, and the small aggressive states as the poor and innocent victims. If it were the evil American Empire instead of China, none of these little states would dare even to move an inch or open their big mouths.