PART FIVE
Last And Concluding episode
The ultimate triumph of the Chinese Communist Party after a long and lethal life and death struggle against the reactionary Chiang Kai-shek 's KMT , Japan and the Western imperial powers headed by UK, US and France.
The Chinese Communist Party Revolution was disrupted by Chiang. Mao and Chu Teh and the CCP had to escape to the hills in Ching Kang-shan in Hunan where they found the Fourth Red Army to continue their revolution to bring in a strong and successful socialist China.
The debacle of the CCP in the struggle with Chiang Kai Shek and the KMT was due to the wrong, confusing and conflicting instructions of Stalin via his officials Borodin and Galen. Thereafter the CCP under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung disavowed Russian communist advice and followed only their own policies and strategy and Mao Tse-tung's instructions.
The period from 1922 to the mid 1930s was a time of great danger to China. Chiang's KMT was beset with great internal feuds, strive and power struggle. The CCP under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung though cohesive and united was very much weakened with constant attacks by Chiang's KMT armies.
In the meantime Japanese aggression against China became more strident and fiercer. After the annexation of Korea in 1910, Japan was coveting the conquest of the Chinese provinces of Manchuria and Outer Mongolia. Japan already occupied the Liaotung Peninsula which it took over from the Russian leasehold after the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war of 1905. It also took over Russia's control of the railways in Manchuria.
Japan started to invade Manchuria after staging the Mukden Incident on 18 th September, 1931 whereby a bomb explosion in a railway track was blamed on the Chinese to provide a basis for Japanese aggression. Inspite of China's protest and appeal to the League of Nations none of the Western powers and Russia condemn Japan or came to China's help. Thus China was left to face Japan alone.
Chiang Kai-shek also did not want to confront the Japanese at this time because his priority was to destroy Mao Tse-tung and the CCP as he claimed that the Japanese problem was the disease of the skin while the CCP was the disease of the heart. With this type of warp thinking how could China be saved from foreign aggression and in this case Japanese aggression. So it beholds that only the CCP could save China.
While the CCP pleaded to the KMT for unity and solidarity among the Chinese to fight and oppose Japanese aggression, Chiang thought otherwise and continued to attack and harass the CCP troops. Mao was concentrating to attack the Japanese with guerilla warfare but ironically he and his CCP troops were constantly attacked and harassed by the KMT armies.
Stalin also contributed to the weakening of the CCP when he supported a different faction which toed the Comintern's instructions to stage uprisings from the cities which always failed with disastrous consequences whereas Mao organized peasant uprisings and resistance. Eventually it was Mao's tactics that reaped the greatest success in galvanizing the Chinese spirit to successfully defeat the reactionary forces of Chiang Kai-shek's KMT and the Japanese armies.
At Ching Kang-shan Mao regrouped his forces to form the Fourth Army under the command of Chu Teh and Ch'en Yi. Thereafter they moved their headquarters to Juichin, Kiangsi province. The CCP created another base in Shensi province under the charge of Liu Chih-tan and Kao-kang. As pointed out earlier the CCP would have suffered irrecoverable damage if it were to continue receiving wrong instructions from Stalin and the Comintern. Thus Mao and his colleagues, Chu Teh, Chen Yi, Chou En-lai, P'eng Te-huai and other leaders refused to take instructions from Stalin or the Comintern. Under the strong leadership of Mao Tse-tung they decided on their own policies and strategies in the struggle and fight against the KMT and the Japanese invaders. Moa's growing power and independence from Stalin's or Comintern's control was the essential factor that contributed to CCP's final victory over the KMT and the Japanese and China's regain of sovereignty when all western powers were driven out of China.
The CCP's base in Juichin became untenable as Chiang Kai-shek's KMT armies kept on attacking and harassing them relentlessly non-stop and with aerial bombing too. If the CCP did not move out of Juichin the communist forces would have been completely wiped out by Chiang Kai-shek. So on October 15 ,1934 Mao and his army started on the Long March with 100,000 soldiers on a 6000 miles journey to Yenan , Shensi province in the north west far away from KMT forces. On November 10, 1934, Juichin fell to the Nationalist - KMT forces. At the end of the epic Long March Mao's forces could count with only about 10, 000 survivors.
In Yenan other communist forces led by other leaders joined Mao Tse-tung to continue their fight against the KMT and the Japanese invaders. From 1936 the Japanese had stepped up their attack on China and invaded large parts of north east China and the coastal regions. The Chinese communists adopted guerilla warfare against the Japanese and constantly attacked their rear with hit and run tactics. Still the despicable Chiang refused to unite with Mao to fight the Japanese. On December 12, at Sian, Chiang Kai-shek was made a captive by Chang Hsueh-Liang a commander of the KMT army to force him to unite with the CCP to fight the Japanese. His release was brokered by the good will of Chou En-lai. But the cooperation between the KMT and the CCP did not last long. For soon after the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Chinese civil war between the KMT and the CCP resumed due to the untrustworthy nature of Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT.
The civil war ended with the triumphant victory for Mao Tse-tung and his communist government as they had the whole support of the Chinese people both the rural peasants and the working class proletariats in all the towns and cities. China under the CCP had stood up with pride and dignity on 1st October, 1949 as proclaimed by Chairman Mao Tse-tung.
Thus with the Chinese Communist Party leadership and guidance today's China is able to grow from strength to strength in her all round development in her economy, science and technology, trade and finance, political and military power . The CCP has brought back honour, self-respect, pride and dignity to China and the Chinese people.
China's success is due to the great leaders both past and present and the millions of patriots who are selfless, self-sacrificing and utterly devoted to serve the country for the glory of the nation. Therefore every Chinese must honour and cherish the CCP and its leaders.
Southernglory1
Wednesday, 1st July , 2020