7/09/2013
My First Skool – Sack all of them
When I first suggested the idea that all the staff in the childcare should be sacked, I thought I was over reacting and a bit harsh. Now with more cases of abuses being revealed, with more children have scratches and signs of abuses on their bodies and with a child having nightmare and unable to sleep, my call is not overreacting.
If Yusuf’s case has not surfaced, the poor children would continue to be in living hell, being bullied and abused daily. I really feel very sorry for the children there, daily being harassed by their caregivers without anyone having a clue of what was going on and with all the staff keeping quiet about it. It is not a childcare but a horror chamber.
At least two parents have made police reports of their children being abused in the same centre. And you have jokers saying that it was not abuse but mishandling. And you have asses who could not differentiate between disciplinary actions or the normal knocks and tumbles of children. Even disciplinary action is uncalled for at such tender age. How many of the children really know what they are doing and that their behavior is unacceptable and deserved to be punished?
The school administration must do a thorough investigation, review all the video recordings to get to the bottom of the problem. How painful it is to subject the children to such terrifying experience? The children need to be counseled and helped to forget this dreadful experience to grow up as healthy and well adjusted children. Hopefully the scar will go away fast. The whole thing is so sickening.
When so many cases of abuses are being reported, it only shows that Yusuf is not an isolated case and it did not happen overnight but could be ongoing for too long. Sack everyone of them for allowing the torture chamber to go on for so long and to put so many vulnerable children through such an ordeal. Every child will be adversely affected psychologically seeing how their playmates are being harassed and beaten daily.
Can you believe that this is happening in our neighbourhood? And no one seems to be concerned about the harm done to the children except their parents.
Should HFT be allowed in SGX?
Below is part of an article appearing in ‘TABB Forum, Where capital
markets speak’, in response to Congressman Markey’s call for an
immediate ban on HFT.
‘Congressman Markey, in a letter to the SEC on January 18, declared that HFT “represents a clear and present danger to the stability and safety of [US] capital markets and that it should be curtailed immediately.” Direct and to the point.
Congressman Markey backs this assertion with evidence drawn from market events, such as the Flash Crash and Knight Capital, as well as academic studies on the impact of HFT on markets and, therefore, Main Street. If I can synthesize his argument, essentially he states that:
1. The speed of HFT disadvantages other styles of trading.
2. HFT exacerbates volatility in the market.
And as a result …
3. ‘Other’ investors are scared away; and
4. Volume traded by HFT is therefore a dangerously high proportion of overall traded volume.
While I favor “working with HFT to address perceived dangers,” I have to say I see a thread running through the Congressman’s letter that I both agree with and, like the Congressman, find disturbing:
While most HFT is actually just normal-but-very-quick-trading, HFT strategies typically profit from very short-term pricing anomalies between two or more products or liquidity sources. Volatility in the market as well as market fragmentation and the lack of adequate consolidated price feeds in some (many?) markets generate these anomalies and make it easier for HFT strategies to succeed. In fact you might argue engineering volatility -- at the very least, exacerbating it -- is in the interest of HFT strategies.
As someone who is primarily concerned about the performance of long-only funds and future planning, this sounds unnerving; but it’s actually OK (just about OK, that is) if the volume traded by HFT is a small percentage of the total market. It’s a faint background noise. However, when HFT becomes a large, or even dominant, force in the market, then ‘other’ investors genuinely do have a reason to stay away. Who wants to play in a market where movement for movement’s sake has overtaken fundamentals? No thanks -- I’ll let the HFTs spar in a zero-sum game or volatility ping pong and stick my cash under the mattress....’
The position of Hildyard and some supporters of HFT is that it should not be banned but be controlled and managed. Presumably HFT can be controlled and managed. Below are a few comments to his article.
05 February 2013
any part of our industry that has a market share over 50 % is alarming and wrong .Here is where the exchanges board delivers correct governance to balance the correct order of play . Finally an automated kill switch is very simply applied as you refuse his key entry.
wsteetpro
05 February 2013
I fully agree. It's a matter of time before the markets go into another tailspin - HFTs produce zero economic output. Just skimming off other market participants. Capitalism at it's best!
Anonymous
05 February 2013
if they are using other investors as a profit engine (my perception) then there are real problems with the current market structure. Why would anyone want to invest in something when they know that others are embezzling their money out of the other side of the building?
John Harris
05 February 2013
Yes, by all means, let's have more government mandates. We can't have businesses deciding for themselves how to interact with their customers. If left to their own devices, exchanges and other market centers are certain destroy themselves, bankrupt their shareholders, and leave U.S. capital markets with no secondary markets at all....
crammond1964
05 February 2013
the problem being that a number of exchanges are lying in the same bed as the HFT ; therefore making a debate rather futile .
Exchanges deny their manipulation and HFT survive off the exchanges ridiculous rebate system .
shamlet76
05 February 2013
i think the market is broken. you have phony financials because of the off-balance sheet arrangements, you have market "gaming", which is fraud. shortselling and HFT is dominant. both shortselling and HFT is a capital outflow from the stock market. regulators have disregarded the investors' concerns, which is aiding and abetting shortselling and HFT. banks have become the enemy of their customers. current rules are not enforced. this isn't capitalism. it is a plutocracy.
if HFT was not harming the market, then they should explain where their $ is coming from? we know where it's going to - their pockets.
neither HFT nor shortsellers are investors. they are speculators, traders. but the global economy won't be able to get on it's feet as long as those money movements are taking place. when speculators become dominant, the markets lose.
honestman
05 February 2013
It is unfortunate that so many people offering comments have not read even the most fundmental text on direct digital control of processes used in any undergraduate Chemical Engineering curriculum in any accredited university. In something called closed loop control, a computer calculates the difference between the desired value for a process output and the actual value for the process output. Using that difference the computer makes a change in what is termed a "manipulated variable" that afffects the value of the process output. The process output is the price of a share of the stock whose price is being manipulated, the manipulated variable is the quantity of the stock offered for sale in a naked short sale. The computer can monitor the price of the stock as it is sent downward and can enter a buy at the appropriate point to avoid triggering a stock market "time-out" on the stock.
To increase the price of a stock, consecutive orders for a large number of shares are placed.
A computer program can monitor the effect of the sell orders and decide what action to take. The problem is compounded when large, privileged customers can see the order book and know what orders are out there. To help the manipulation along, rumors and half-truths can be instituted by "analysts".
Ignorance of basic control of chemical reactors is not an excuse for being stupid and saying the same jibberish over and over again in a meaningless diatribe that is full of sound and fury and signifies nothing but stupidity.
There are pro and against HFT camps. The reasons are obvious. The small investors will be outclassed and stand to lose their pants. It is like putting in a few vacuum cleaners to suck clean the small investors.
In a small market like SGX, the most fear factor mentioned, ie the dominance of HFT trades in volumes, will kill all the small investors for sure. Can the small investors of SGX survive the overwhelming presence of HFT and the huge volumes they created and monopolised the trading in the market? This unfair trading practice is dangerous to the big markets like NYSE. How can it be safe to a teeny weeny market like the SGX? The small investor will surely be mauled and the market will go ‘bonk’ for sure.
MAS and the Govt must seriously look into the introduction of HFT in SGX and don’t end up in a bigger mess than the Lehman bonds crisis. Knowing the risk, the unfair advantages and dangers of HFT, and to allow it to be introduced into our market is simply irresponsible and inexcusable.
If the MAS is adamant in wanting to have HFT in SGX, then it should be well advised to listen to Liquidnet founder and CEO Seth Merrin.
‘Merrin proposes the SEC create "HFT-free zones" to protect retail investors who wish to trade in a separate and slower lane while allowing HFT to continue. Retail investors, he says, should have the option and the opportunity to decide if they want to interact in the HFT zone.’
‘Congressman Markey, in a letter to the SEC on January 18, declared that HFT “represents a clear and present danger to the stability and safety of [US] capital markets and that it should be curtailed immediately.” Direct and to the point.
Congressman Markey backs this assertion with evidence drawn from market events, such as the Flash Crash and Knight Capital, as well as academic studies on the impact of HFT on markets and, therefore, Main Street. If I can synthesize his argument, essentially he states that:
1. The speed of HFT disadvantages other styles of trading.
2. HFT exacerbates volatility in the market.
And as a result …
3. ‘Other’ investors are scared away; and
4. Volume traded by HFT is therefore a dangerously high proportion of overall traded volume.
While I favor “working with HFT to address perceived dangers,” I have to say I see a thread running through the Congressman’s letter that I both agree with and, like the Congressman, find disturbing:
While most HFT is actually just normal-but-very-quick-trading, HFT strategies typically profit from very short-term pricing anomalies between two or more products or liquidity sources. Volatility in the market as well as market fragmentation and the lack of adequate consolidated price feeds in some (many?) markets generate these anomalies and make it easier for HFT strategies to succeed. In fact you might argue engineering volatility -- at the very least, exacerbating it -- is in the interest of HFT strategies.
As someone who is primarily concerned about the performance of long-only funds and future planning, this sounds unnerving; but it’s actually OK (just about OK, that is) if the volume traded by HFT is a small percentage of the total market. It’s a faint background noise. However, when HFT becomes a large, or even dominant, force in the market, then ‘other’ investors genuinely do have a reason to stay away. Who wants to play in a market where movement for movement’s sake has overtaken fundamentals? No thanks -- I’ll let the HFTs spar in a zero-sum game or volatility ping pong and stick my cash under the mattress....’
The position of Hildyard and some supporters of HFT is that it should not be banned but be controlled and managed. Presumably HFT can be controlled and managed. Below are a few comments to his article.
05 February 2013
any part of our industry that has a market share over 50 % is alarming and wrong .Here is where the exchanges board delivers correct governance to balance the correct order of play . Finally an automated kill switch is very simply applied as you refuse his key entry.
wsteetpro
05 February 2013
I fully agree. It's a matter of time before the markets go into another tailspin - HFTs produce zero economic output. Just skimming off other market participants. Capitalism at it's best!
Anonymous
05 February 2013
if they are using other investors as a profit engine (my perception) then there are real problems with the current market structure. Why would anyone want to invest in something when they know that others are embezzling their money out of the other side of the building?
John Harris
05 February 2013
Yes, by all means, let's have more government mandates. We can't have businesses deciding for themselves how to interact with their customers. If left to their own devices, exchanges and other market centers are certain destroy themselves, bankrupt their shareholders, and leave U.S. capital markets with no secondary markets at all....
crammond1964
05 February 2013
the problem being that a number of exchanges are lying in the same bed as the HFT ; therefore making a debate rather futile .
Exchanges deny their manipulation and HFT survive off the exchanges ridiculous rebate system .
shamlet76
05 February 2013
i think the market is broken. you have phony financials because of the off-balance sheet arrangements, you have market "gaming", which is fraud. shortselling and HFT is dominant. both shortselling and HFT is a capital outflow from the stock market. regulators have disregarded the investors' concerns, which is aiding and abetting shortselling and HFT. banks have become the enemy of their customers. current rules are not enforced. this isn't capitalism. it is a plutocracy.
if HFT was not harming the market, then they should explain where their $ is coming from? we know where it's going to - their pockets.
neither HFT nor shortsellers are investors. they are speculators, traders. but the global economy won't be able to get on it's feet as long as those money movements are taking place. when speculators become dominant, the markets lose.
honestman
05 February 2013
It is unfortunate that so many people offering comments have not read even the most fundmental text on direct digital control of processes used in any undergraduate Chemical Engineering curriculum in any accredited university. In something called closed loop control, a computer calculates the difference between the desired value for a process output and the actual value for the process output. Using that difference the computer makes a change in what is termed a "manipulated variable" that afffects the value of the process output. The process output is the price of a share of the stock whose price is being manipulated, the manipulated variable is the quantity of the stock offered for sale in a naked short sale. The computer can monitor the price of the stock as it is sent downward and can enter a buy at the appropriate point to avoid triggering a stock market "time-out" on the stock.
To increase the price of a stock, consecutive orders for a large number of shares are placed.
A computer program can monitor the effect of the sell orders and decide what action to take. The problem is compounded when large, privileged customers can see the order book and know what orders are out there. To help the manipulation along, rumors and half-truths can be instituted by "analysts".
Ignorance of basic control of chemical reactors is not an excuse for being stupid and saying the same jibberish over and over again in a meaningless diatribe that is full of sound and fury and signifies nothing but stupidity.
There are pro and against HFT camps. The reasons are obvious. The small investors will be outclassed and stand to lose their pants. It is like putting in a few vacuum cleaners to suck clean the small investors.
In a small market like SGX, the most fear factor mentioned, ie the dominance of HFT trades in volumes, will kill all the small investors for sure. Can the small investors of SGX survive the overwhelming presence of HFT and the huge volumes they created and monopolised the trading in the market? This unfair trading practice is dangerous to the big markets like NYSE. How can it be safe to a teeny weeny market like the SGX? The small investor will surely be mauled and the market will go ‘bonk’ for sure.
MAS and the Govt must seriously look into the introduction of HFT in SGX and don’t end up in a bigger mess than the Lehman bonds crisis. Knowing the risk, the unfair advantages and dangers of HFT, and to allow it to be introduced into our market is simply irresponsible and inexcusable.
If the MAS is adamant in wanting to have HFT in SGX, then it should be well advised to listen to Liquidnet founder and CEO Seth Merrin.
‘Merrin proposes the SEC create "HFT-free zones" to protect retail investors who wish to trade in a separate and slower lane while allowing HFT to continue. Retail investors, he says, should have the option and the opportunity to decide if they want to interact in the HFT zone.’
7/08/2013
The rise of the Indian elite class in Singapore
The Indian community used to be one of the most powerful elite class in Singapore during the colonial days. They are second only to the Seranis or Eurasians in power and influence. They were initially transferred from the East India Companies, the unofficial trading arms of the British Empire. And they spoke and wrote English which gave them that special advantage over the non English speaking locals. They were like the extended arm of the British colonial masters.
After the British departed, the Indian elite continued to dominate the civil service and occupied most of the senior positions, in politics, in the judiciary, in the uniform services and in many of the ministries and stats boards.
The dominance of the Indian elite was challenged when the other races took up English education and started to use English as the medium for communication. The public service employment pie was subsequently shared more evenly relative to the racial composition of the population. Even then, the Indian elite still enjoyed a much bigger share of the pie relative to the size of their population.
Today, the Indian elite is entering its golden years in this city. They are everywhere in the top echelon of management, from politics, the govt ministries and to the industries. The Mediacorp has just appointed Walter Fernandez as the Group Editor In Chief. And there is Warren Fernandez, the Editor of the Straits Times and Patrick Daniel as Editor in Chief of the Straits Times. The three of them would have a big say the in content of the Media and wield great influence on what the readers shall read.
In the Cabinet there is the Dep PM and Fin Minister in Tharman, Law and Foreign Affairs Minister in Shanmugam, MEWR in Vivian, and another minister Iswaran in the PM’s office, also Second Minister in Home Affairs and Trade and Industry.
In the judiciary the Chief Justice is Sundaresh Menon and Indian high court judges have always been a part of the bench. Then there are many prominent senior counsels in practice.
The Chief of Army is MG Ravinder Singh.
Most notable is that the Indian elite distinguished themselves in finance. Other than Tharman as Finance Minister, there is Ravi Menon as MD of MAS. And the CEO of DBS, the national bank, is Piyush Gupta. There are many top Indians in the foreign banks as CEOs or in top management, and also in GIC and Temasek, including Dhanabalan as the latter’s Chairman. Their dominance in finance is unchallenged and this will grow bigger over time.
In the academia there are many prominent professors heading many departments. So is the field of medicine. The Indian elites are everywhere stamping their influence and authority in their respective fields.
The field of IT is more or less dominated by Indian professionals mainly from India. There is however a strange phenomenon, that the local Indians are somehow not very good in IT. And there is an increasing community of very rich Indian PRs and new citizens finding residence in the City. And they brought along their businesses, now the biggest group among the foreign investors here.
The Indian community is now a very formidable force to reckon with in all fields of enterprise in the island and will play an increasing role in the growth and development of the country. Not forgetting we had two past presidents in Nair and Nathan, not counting the numerous very rich individuals among them. Singaporeans will have to be better acquainted with this development and acknowledge the bigger role played by the numerically small Indian community. But this is set to change with CECA and the India Indians finding this island a very conducive and good place to do business and bringing up children.
After the British departed, the Indian elite continued to dominate the civil service and occupied most of the senior positions, in politics, in the judiciary, in the uniform services and in many of the ministries and stats boards.
The dominance of the Indian elite was challenged when the other races took up English education and started to use English as the medium for communication. The public service employment pie was subsequently shared more evenly relative to the racial composition of the population. Even then, the Indian elite still enjoyed a much bigger share of the pie relative to the size of their population.
Today, the Indian elite is entering its golden years in this city. They are everywhere in the top echelon of management, from politics, the govt ministries and to the industries. The Mediacorp has just appointed Walter Fernandez as the Group Editor In Chief. And there is Warren Fernandez, the Editor of the Straits Times and Patrick Daniel as Editor in Chief of the Straits Times. The three of them would have a big say the in content of the Media and wield great influence on what the readers shall read.
In the Cabinet there is the Dep PM and Fin Minister in Tharman, Law and Foreign Affairs Minister in Shanmugam, MEWR in Vivian, and another minister Iswaran in the PM’s office, also Second Minister in Home Affairs and Trade and Industry.
In the judiciary the Chief Justice is Sundaresh Menon and Indian high court judges have always been a part of the bench. Then there are many prominent senior counsels in practice.
The Chief of Army is MG Ravinder Singh.
Most notable is that the Indian elite distinguished themselves in finance. Other than Tharman as Finance Minister, there is Ravi Menon as MD of MAS. And the CEO of DBS, the national bank, is Piyush Gupta. There are many top Indians in the foreign banks as CEOs or in top management, and also in GIC and Temasek, including Dhanabalan as the latter’s Chairman. Their dominance in finance is unchallenged and this will grow bigger over time.
In the academia there are many prominent professors heading many departments. So is the field of medicine. The Indian elites are everywhere stamping their influence and authority in their respective fields.
The field of IT is more or less dominated by Indian professionals mainly from India. There is however a strange phenomenon, that the local Indians are somehow not very good in IT. And there is an increasing community of very rich Indian PRs and new citizens finding residence in the City. And they brought along their businesses, now the biggest group among the foreign investors here.
The Indian community is now a very formidable force to reckon with in all fields of enterprise in the island and will play an increasing role in the growth and development of the country. Not forgetting we had two past presidents in Nair and Nathan, not counting the numerous very rich individuals among them. Singaporeans will have to be better acquainted with this development and acknowledge the bigger role played by the numerically small Indian community. But this is set to change with CECA and the India Indians finding this island a very conducive and good place to do business and bringing up children.
My First Skool child abuse…No, I am innocent
After viewing the video clips on the child abuse at My First Skool Toa payoh, one cannot but feel the pain of the poor child and the parents. Shit, how could such wickedness still happened in this first world city? How could it happen in broad daylight in front of so many adults and none of them feel any sense of responsibility and guilt to care and protect a helpless child? How could a child be left in the hands of a cruel adult while the rest turned to look the other way?
This incident is the same as the intern that was slapped in front of so many colleagues for so long. And the child abuse will continue if the parents did not have the presence of mind to check on the CCTV, or for some reasons the CCTV tape was not shown to them.
There is no point talking about this any more. The sickness of this society must be put right immediately. Every adult in the school must be sacked right away to put a message across that they cannot turn a blind eye to cruelty against children, helpless and vulnerable children. Not only parents must be made to feel safe when they left their children in schools or childcare centres, the children must be protected from being bullied and tortured behind the backs of their parents. How can parents be at ease to put their children in the care of others, supposedly trained and professionals?
The message that everyone in the school must be responsible for the well being of little children must get across. Not reporting abuses is as good as being accomplice to the vicious attack and guilty of the act.
And the torturers of children must be put behind bars, just like employers beating and torturing maids and foreign workers. This City is sick to the core if such cruelties are not nip in the bud and allowed to continue in childcare centres or schools, or in workplace again and again. Even one more case is one more case too much.
Why is it that no Sinkies will ever stand up to right a wrong, to defend the weak or a wicked act? After so many decades of being conditioned, better not to speak up, just obey, just do as being told, do not defy and oppose authority, this is what Sinkies have become. Not my business, and I did not do it, so I am innocent.
The people, a first world and well educated people, must be empowered to look after themselves, their environment and their neighbours and fellow citizens, especially the weak and helpless. But no, they are all kiasi, kiasu and kia tai chee. Don’t get yourself into trouble, into other people’s trouble. In this child abuse case, it is the wrongdoing of the offending teacher, so not their business.
There is a need to empower the people, educate the people to stand up for their rights and to stand up for what is right and against what is wrong. We are turning a nation of people into unthinking and unfeeling robots that only care about themselves and nothing else.
This incident is the same as the intern that was slapped in front of so many colleagues for so long. And the child abuse will continue if the parents did not have the presence of mind to check on the CCTV, or for some reasons the CCTV tape was not shown to them.
There is no point talking about this any more. The sickness of this society must be put right immediately. Every adult in the school must be sacked right away to put a message across that they cannot turn a blind eye to cruelty against children, helpless and vulnerable children. Not only parents must be made to feel safe when they left their children in schools or childcare centres, the children must be protected from being bullied and tortured behind the backs of their parents. How can parents be at ease to put their children in the care of others, supposedly trained and professionals?
The message that everyone in the school must be responsible for the well being of little children must get across. Not reporting abuses is as good as being accomplice to the vicious attack and guilty of the act.
And the torturers of children must be put behind bars, just like employers beating and torturing maids and foreign workers. This City is sick to the core if such cruelties are not nip in the bud and allowed to continue in childcare centres or schools, or in workplace again and again. Even one more case is one more case too much.
Why is it that no Sinkies will ever stand up to right a wrong, to defend the weak or a wicked act? After so many decades of being conditioned, better not to speak up, just obey, just do as being told, do not defy and oppose authority, this is what Sinkies have become. Not my business, and I did not do it, so I am innocent.
The people, a first world and well educated people, must be empowered to look after themselves, their environment and their neighbours and fellow citizens, especially the weak and helpless. But no, they are all kiasi, kiasu and kia tai chee. Don’t get yourself into trouble, into other people’s trouble. In this child abuse case, it is the wrongdoing of the offending teacher, so not their business.
There is a need to empower the people, educate the people to stand up for their rights and to stand up for what is right and against what is wrong. We are turning a nation of people into unthinking and unfeeling robots that only care about themselves and nothing else.
WP bashing – a smear campaign
Some of you may be aware by now of the consistent and daily bashing of the WP by anonymous bloggers in their comments here and in other blogs. I want to declare that I am not a supporter of any political party. The tactic used is the same as that of the Americans attacking their chosen enemies, schemed by the mind benders, to subtly plant negative thoughts into the heads of the innocent readers. No, the readers do not believe or agree with the bashings, but the idea is planted in their subconscious and will eventually influence their thoughts in the most unexpected moment.
These are the works of highly trained professionals and executed by the runners. Everyday without fail, they will post things like WP is sleeping, WP is not doing anything, WP has few good people, WP is incapable of forming the next govt etc etc.
The work is not done by one individual but by a brigade. The line of thought is similar in nature. Just read through the blogs and take notice of such vibes and vitriols. Be aware and conscious about them and build yourself a defence mechanism to ignore and reject such negative ideas consciously. This requires effort to do so. Not doing anything will open one to a long period of idea planting and mind bending and before one knows anything, the idea is imbedded in the some corners of the mind and will affect one’s decision at those critical moments.
Be aware of what you read. Be protected like being protected against the virus. Be vaccinated. The mind game is ongoing all the time.
Another thing that the brigade is doing is character assassination. They would not discuss or engage an issue but just go straight to attack the blogger. Such slimey people are simply shameless things that walked on two legs and calling themselves human beans. There are plenty of them out there, here and in other blogs. And the people who sanctioned their acts, paid for their acts are the bigger devils themselves, though many would put on a pretense that they did not know and are not involved.
These are the works of highly trained professionals and executed by the runners. Everyday without fail, they will post things like WP is sleeping, WP is not doing anything, WP has few good people, WP is incapable of forming the next govt etc etc.
The work is not done by one individual but by a brigade. The line of thought is similar in nature. Just read through the blogs and take notice of such vibes and vitriols. Be aware and conscious about them and build yourself a defence mechanism to ignore and reject such negative ideas consciously. This requires effort to do so. Not doing anything will open one to a long period of idea planting and mind bending and before one knows anything, the idea is imbedded in the some corners of the mind and will affect one’s decision at those critical moments.
Be aware of what you read. Be protected like being protected against the virus. Be vaccinated. The mind game is ongoing all the time.
Another thing that the brigade is doing is character assassination. They would not discuss or engage an issue but just go straight to attack the blogger. Such slimey people are simply shameless things that walked on two legs and calling themselves human beans. There are plenty of them out there, here and in other blogs. And the people who sanctioned their acts, paid for their acts are the bigger devils themselves, though many would put on a pretense that they did not know and are not involved.
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